Reported speech


                 Grammar Lesson: 
                  Reported Speech 
               (Kalimat Tidak Langsung)

A. Arti Reported Speech
Reported Speech is a way to tell or repeat what someone else said without quoting their exact words.

Reported Speech adalah cara menyampaikan kembali ucapan orang lain tanpa mengutip langsung.

Dalam bahasa Indonesia disebut kalimat tidak langsung.

• Direct Speech (Kalimat Langsung):

She said, “I am tired.”
(Dia berkata, “Saya lelah.”)

• Reported Speech (Kalimat Tidak Langsung):

She said (that) she was tired.
(Dia berkata bahwa dia lelah.)


B..Perubahan Umum dalam Reported Speech:

Direct Speech Reported Speech Keterangan
am / is → was are → were Perubahan waktu (tenses) mundur satu tingkat
do / does → did have / has → had
will → would can → could may → might
today → that day tomorrow → the next day yesterday → the day before

C. Contoh dalam Kalimat. 

1. Direct: 
    He said, “I am busy.”

    Reported: 
    He said (that) he was busy.
    Dia berkata bahwa dia sedang sibuk.)

2Direct
    She said, “I will call you tomorrow.”

    Reported
     She said (that) she would call me
                        the next day.
     Dia berkata bahwa dia akan meneleponku
     besok.)

3. Direct
    They said, “We are happy.”

      Reported
      They said (that) they were happy.
      Mereka berkata bahwa mereka bahagia.

4. Direct
    “Can you help me?” she asked.

     Reported
      She asked if I could help her.
      Dia bertanya apakah aku bisa membantunya.



D. latihan Soal
🔹 A. Ubah kalimat langsung berikut menjadi 
      Reported Speech!
  1. He said, “I am tired.”
  2. She said, “I will go to Bali.”
  3. They said, “We are studying English.”
  4. John said, “I have finished my homework.”
  5. The teacher said, “You must be careful.”
🔹 B. Pilihan Ganda (Multiple Choice
           Pilih jawaban yang benar!
  1. She said, “I can swim.” → She said that she ___ swim.
    a) can 
     b) could  c) will  d) may

  2. He said, “I am hungry.” → He said that he ___ hungry.
    a) was  b) is  c) were  d) has been

  3. They said, “We will go tomorrow.” → They said that they ___ go the next day.
    a) can  b) will  c) would  d) shall

  4. The teacher said, “You are late.” → The teacher said that we ___ late.
    a) were  b) are  c) have been  d) had been

  5. She said, “I do my homework.” → She said that she ___ her homework.
    a) do  b) did  c) does  d) will do


D. Dialogue: 

                   Reported Speech 

Rina: 
What did our teacher say yesterday?
(Apa yang guru kita katakan kemarin?

Dina: 
She said that we had to submit the project today.
Dia bilang kita harus mengumpulkan proyek hari ini.

Rina: 
Really? I thought she said we could submit it tomorrow.
Benarkah? Aku kira dia bilang kita bisa mengumpulkannya besok.

Dina: 
No, she said that today was the deadline.
Tidak, dia bilang bahwa hari ini batas waktunya.


E. Bonus Dialogue: 

             Reported Speech in Daily Life

Tom: 
Did Sarah call you?
Apakah Sarah meneleponmu?

Anna: 
Yes, she said that she would be late for the meeting.
Ya, dia bilang dia akan terlambat ke rapat.

Tom: 
Oh, really? What else did she say?
Oh, benar? Apa lagi yang dia katakan?

Anna: 
She said that she couldn’t find a taxi.
Dia bilang dia tidak bisa menemukan taksi.

Tom: 
Okay, I’ll tell the boss she’s on the way.
Baik, aku akan beri tahu bos bahwa dia sedang dalam perjalanan.


Direct: He said, “I am tired.”

  1. Reported: He said that he was tired.
    (Dia berkata bahwa dia lelah.)

  2. Direct: She said, “I will go to the market.”
    Reported: She said that she would go to the market.
    (Dia berkata bahwa dia akan pergi ke pasar.)

  3. Direct: They said, “We are happy.”
    Reported: They said that they were happy.
    (Mereka berkata bahwa mereka bahagia.)

  4. Direct: John said, “I have finished my homework.”
    Reported: John said that he had finished his homework.
    (John berkata bahwa dia sudah menyelesaikan PR-nya.)

  5. Direct: The teacher said, “You must study hard.”
    Reported: The teacher said that we had to study hard.
    (Guru berkata bahwa kita harus belajar dengan giat.)

  6. Direct: She said, “I can speak English.”
    Reported: She said that she could speak English.
    (Dia berkata bahwa dia bisa berbicara bahasa Inggris.)

  7. Direct: He said, “I am reading a book.”
    Reported: He said that he was reading a book.
    (Dia berkata bahwa dia sedang membaca buku.)

  8. Direct: My mother said, “You are a good boy.”
    Reported: My mother said that I was a good boy.
    (Ibu saya berkata bahwa saya anak yang baik.)

  9. Direct: They said, “We will travel to Bali next week.”
    Reported: They said that they would travel to Bali the following week.
    (Mereka berkata bahwa mereka akan pergi ke Bali minggu depan.)

  10. Direct: She said, “I don’t like coffee.”
    Reported: She said that she didn’t like coffee.
    (Dia berkata bahwa dia tidak suka kopi.)


F. Contoh Reported Questions. 

1. Direct: She asked, “Where are you going?”
 
    Reported: She asked where I was going.
    (Dia bertanya ke mana saya pergi.)

2. Direct: He asked, “What is your name?”

     Reported: He asked what my name was.
     Dia bertanya siapa nama saya.

3. Direct: They asked, “Do you like music?”

    Reported: They asked if I liked music.
     Mereka bertanya apakah saya suka musik.)

4.  Direct: The teacher asked, “Did you do your
      homework?”

       Reported: The teacher asked if I had done
       my homework.
       Guru bertanya apakah saya sudah
        mengerjakan PR.)

5. Direct: She asked, “Can you help me?”

    Reported: She asked if I could help her.
    Dia bertanya apakah saya bisa membantunya.)

6. Direct: He asked, “Why are you sad?”
 
     Reported: He asked why I was sad.
     Dia bertanya mengapa saya sedih.

7. Direct: My friend asked, “When will you
     come?”

     Reported: My friend asked when I would
  .  come.
     Teman saya bertanya kapan saya akan
      datang.)

8. Direct: The policeman asked, “Where do you
    live?”

    Reported: The policeman asked where I lived.
     Polisi bertanya di mana saya tinggal.)

9. Direct: She asked, “Have you seen my bag?”
 
    Reported: She asked if I had seen her bag.
    Dia bertanya apakah saya telah melihat
     tasnya.)

10. Direct: He asked, “Are you coming to the
       party?”

      Reported: He asked if I was coming to the
      party.
      Dia bertanya apakah saya akan datang ke
       pesta itu.



L..Exercise 
      Reported Questions

Change the following direct questions into reported questions!
(Ubah pertanyaan langsung berikut menjadi pertanyaan tidak langsung!)

  1. She asked, “Where do you live?”
  2. He asked, “What are you doing?”
  3. They asked, “Can you play guitar?”
  4. The teacher asked, “Did you study English last night?”
  5. My mother asked, “When will you go to school?”
  6. John asked, “Why are you late?”
  7. She asked, “Do you like ice cream?”
  8. He asked, “Have you finished your homework?”
  9. The officer asked, “Where is your ID card?”
  10. My friend asked, “Are you coming to the meeting?”

G. Multiple Choice (Pilihan Ganda)
    (Choose the correct answer!)
  1. He asked, “Do you like coffee?”
    He asked ___ I liked coffee.
    a) that  b) what  c) if  d) when
    (Dia bertanya apakah saya suka kopi.)

  2. She asked, “Where are you going?”
    She asked ___ I was going.
    a) where  b) what  c) if  d) when
    (Dia bertanya ke mana saya pergi.)

  3. They asked, “Did you see the movie?”
    They asked ___ I had seen the movie.
    a) that  b) if  c) what  d) how
    (Mereka bertanya apakah saya sudah menonton film itu.)

  4. The teacher asked, “Why are you late?”
    The teacher asked ___ I was late.
    a) why  b) if  c) that  d) when
    (Guru bertanya mengapa saya terlambat.)

  5. She asked, “When will you come?”
    She asked ___ I would come.
    a) where  b) what  c) when  d) if
    (Dia bertanya kapan saya akan datang.)

  6. He asked, “Can you help me?”
    He asked ___ I could help him.
    a) when  b) how  c) that  d) if
    (Dia bertanya apakah saya bisa membantunya.)

  7. My friend asked, “Are you busy?”
    My friend asked ___ I was busy.
    a) if  b) that  c) why  d) when
    (Teman saya bertanya apakah saya sibuk.)

  8. The police asked, “Where do you work?”
    The police asked ___ I worked.
    a) where  b) what  c) if  d) when
    (Polisi bertanya di mana saya bekerja.)

  9. She asked, “What is your favorite food?”
    She asked ___ my favorite food was.
    a) what  b) if  c) when  d) that
    (Dia bertanya apa makanan favorit saya.)

  10. He asked, “Did you finish your project?”
    He asked ___ I had finished my project.
    a) why  b) if  c) when  d) where
    (Dia bertanya apakah saya sudah menyelesaikan proyek saya.)


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