Unit 2
Present Continuous Tense
Definition.
Present Continuous Tense is used to express an action that is happening right now or taking place temporarily.
Present Continuous Tense digunakan untuk menyatakan perbuatan yang sedang berlangsung sekarang (right now) atau sedang terjadi sementara waktu ini.
A. In affirmative statements
Formula : Subject + am/is/are + Verb-ing
• I am studying now.
Saya sedang belajar sekarang.
• You are reading a book.
Kamu sedang membaca buku.
• She is cooking dinner.
Dia sedang memasak makan malam.
• They are playing football.
Mereka sedang bermain sepak bola.
• We are watching TV.
Kami sedang menonton TV.
• He is writing a letter.
Dia sedang menulis surat.
B. in Negative Statements
Contoh Kalimat Negatif.
• I am not sleeping now.
Saya tidak sedang tidur sekarang.
• She is not talking to him.
Dia tidak sedang berbicara dengannya.
• They are not studying English.
Mereka tidak sedang belajar bahasa Inggris.
• We are not eating lunch.
Kami tidak sedang makan siang.
• He is not running fast.
Dia tidak sedang berlari cepat.
C. in Interrogative Statements
Contoh Kalimat Tanya
• Are you listening to me?
Apakah kamu sedang mendengarkan saya?
• Is she dancing?
Apakah dia sedang menari?
• Are they watching a movie?
Apakah mereka sedang menonton film?
• Am I doing it right?
Apakah saya melakukannya dengan benar?
• Is he working today?
Apakah dia sedang bekerja hari ini?
D.Note :
Rules for Adding -ing to Verbs
Aturan Menambahkan - ing ke kata kerja.
A. Most verbs: just add - ing
Sebagian besar kata kerja: cukup
tambahkan -ing saja.
• Work - Working
• Read - Reading
• Play - Playing
• Cook - Cooking
B. Verbs ending in e: drop the e and add - ng
Kata kerja yang berakhiran huruf e hilang-
kan e lalu tambahkan -ing.
• Make→ making
• Write → writing
• Drive → driving
• Come → coming
Exception:
Jika kata kerja berakhiran -ee jangan hilangkan e
• See → seeing
• Agree → agreeing
3.verbs one syllable ending in one consonat before vowel double and add - ng
Kata kerja satu suku kata berahiran hurup mati di dahuli hurup hidup daouble dan tambang - ing
• Run → running
• Sit → sitting
• Swim → swimming
• Get → getting
• Stop → stoping
Exceptions:
Jangan digandakan jika huruf terakhir adalah
w, x, atau y
• Play → playing
• Fix → fixing
4. Verbs ending in -ie :change ie to y then
add “-ing
Kata kerja berakhiran - ie ubah ie menjadi y lalu tambahkan -ing
• Lie → lying
• Die → dying
• Tie → tying
5. Verbs ending in c: add k before -ing
Kata kerja berakhiran huruf c tambahkan
k sebelum -ing
• picnic → picnicking
• panic → panicking
6. Two or more syllables: double the final
consonant only if the last syllable is stressed
Kata kerja dua suku kata atau lebih gandakan
huruf konsonan terakhir hanya jika tekanan
ada di suku kata terakhir
• begin → beginning
• prefer → preferring
Exception ( perkecualian)
• open → opening
• visit → visiting .
E. Exercises.
Complete These Sentences into present Continuous Tense.
1. She ______ (read) a book now.
2 They ______ (play) football in the park.
3. I ______ (not watch) TV.
4. ______ you ______ (study) English now?
5. My mother ______ (cook) in the kitchen.
6. The students ______ (not talk) in class.
7. He ______ (drive) to work right now.
8.______ she ______ (dance) with her friend?
9. We ______ (write) a letter to our teacher.
10. It ______ (rain) outside.
F. Translate into Indonesian..
1 I am learning English.
....................................................
2. She is not sleeping now.
....................................................
3. Are they watching TV?
....................................................
4. We are having breakfast.
....................................................
5. He is running fast.oleh
....................................................
6. They are not working today.
....................................................
7. Am I talking too much?
....................................................
8. My brother is fixing his bike.
....................................................
9. The cat is sleeping on the sofa.
....................................................
10. Are you studying grammar now?
....................................................
G. Exercise 3
Complete the Sentences.
1. She is _________(make) a cake in the
kitchen
2. They are ________(run) in the park.
3. I am ________ (write) an email to my
friend.
4. The children are _______ (swim) in the pool
5. We are ________ (sit) near the window.
6. He is ________ (lie) on the bed now
7. The teacher is _______ (begin) the lesson
8. Are you _______ (travel) to Bali this week
9. My mother is ________ (cook) dinner.
10. The cat is ________ (sleep) on the sofa
H. Dialogue.
At Home
Mother:
What is your father doing?
Apa yang sedang dilakukan ayahmu?
Son:
He is watching TV in the living room.
Dia sedang menonton TV di ruang tamu.Mother: What are you doing?
Apa yang sedang kamu lakukan?
Son : I am cleaning my room, Mom.
Aku sedang membersihkan kamarku, Bu.
Mother: Good! Is your brother helping you?
Bagus! Apakah kakakmu sedang membantumu?
Son : No, he is not, He is listening music.
Tidak, dia tidak. Dia sedang mendengarkan musik
Mother: Tell him to help you after the music
Bilang padanya untuk membantumu setelah musik itu.
I. 20 Common Questions and Answers about
Present Continuous Tense
20 Pertanyaan dan Jawaban Umum Tentang
Present Continuous Tense.
1. A : What are you doing now?
B : I am studying English.
2. A: Is she reading a book?
B :: Yes, she is.
3. A. : Are they sleeping?
B : No, they aren’t.
4. A : What is he doing?
B : He is sweeping the floor
5. A : Am I talking too fast?
B : No, you aren’t.
6. A : Is it raining outside?
B : Yes, it is.
7. A : Are we learning grammar?
B : Yes, we are.look
8. A : What are you eating?
B : I’m eating fried rice.
9. A : Is your mom cooking dinner?
B : Yes, she is.
10. A : Are they playing football ?
B : No, they’re playing basketball.
11. A : What are you listening to?
B : I’m listening to the Radio
12. A : Is he working now?
B : No, he’s relaxing.
13. A : Are you watching TV?
B : Yes, I am.
14. A : What is she wearing?
B : She’s wearing a red dress.
15. A : Are they coming to the party?
B : Yes, they are.
16. A : Who is talking to the teacher?
B : Rudi is talking to her.
17. A : Is your brother studying?
B : Yes, he is.
18. A : What are you making?
B : I’m making a cake.
19. A : Are the children playing outside
B : Yes, they are.
20. A : Is he writing a message
B : No, he’s calling someone.
J. Exercise:
Change the Verb into “-ing” Form
- Make → __________
- Run → __________
- Swim → __________
- Write → _________
- Lie → __________
- Stop → __________
- Sit → __________
- Dance → __________
- Begin → __________
- Travel → ________
L. Dialogue 1:
At the Park
Anna: What are you doing, John?
(Apa yang sedang kamu lakukan, John?)
John: I’m feeding the birds.
(Aku sedang memberi makan burung-burung.)
Anna: Oh really? They look so happy.
(Oh sungguh? Mereka terlihat sangat senang.)
John: Yes, they are eating the bread quickly.
(Ya, mereka sedang memakan roti dengan cepat.)
Anna: That’s nice. I’m taking some pictures of them.
(Bagus. Aku sedang mengambil beberapa foto mereka.)
0. Exercise:
Choose the correct answer.
1. She....(is / are / am) reading a novel now
2. I....(is / am / are) studying English
3. They....(is / are / am) playing football in the
yard.
4. My father....(is / are / am) working in the
garden.
5. What....you doing?
6. Look! The children....(is / are / am) running
fast.
7. I....(is / are / am) not sleeping now.
8. He....(is / are / am) cooking dinner in the
kitchen.
9. We....(is / are / am) watching a movie
together.
10. Listen! The teacher....(is / are / am)
speaking.
11. My sister....(is / are / am) not reading,
she’s writing.
12. Where....you going now?
13. I....(is / are / am) doing my homework
14. The dog....(is / are / am) barking loudly.
15. My friends....(is / are / am) playing guitar
in the living room.
E Exercise 2: Fill in the Blanks
Complete the sentences
1.She __________ (read) a magazine now.
2. She is reading a magazine now.
3. I __________ (not / sleep) right now.
4. We __________ (have) lunch together.
5. The children __________ (play) in the garden.
6. He __________ (fix) his bicycle.
7. He is fixing his bicycle.
8. They __________ (watch) TV now.
9. You __________ (study) for the test, right?
10. My mother __________ (cook) in the kitchen.
11 I __________ (write) a message to my friend.
12.The birds __________ (sing) beautifully.
Bonus Dialogue 3:
At the School
Teacher:
What are you doing, students?
(Apa yang sedang kalian lakukan, murid-murid?)
Students:
We are drawing a map, Miss.
(Kami sedang menggambar peta, Bu.)
Teacher:
Very good! Are you using your pencils or crayons?
(Sangat bagus! Kalian menggunakan pensil atau krayon?)
Students:
We are using crayons.
(Kami sedang menggunakan krayon.)
Teacher:
Where is Sinta?
(Di mana Sinta?)
Rani:
She is taking some colors from the box.
(Dia sedang mengambil beberapa warna dari kotak.)
Teacher:
Great! You are all working very well.
(Bagus sekali! Kalian semua bekerja dengan baik.Daily Questions in Present Continuous Tense Pertanyaan Sehari-hari dalam Bentuk Sedang
1.A: What are you doing?
Apa yang sedang kamu lakukan?
B: I’m reading a book.
Aku sedang membaca buku.
2.A: Where are you going?
Kamu sedang pergi ke mana?
B: I’m going to the market.
Aku sedang pergi ke pasar.
3.A: Are you studying English now?
Apakah kamu sedang belajar bahasa
Inggris sekarang?
B: Yes, I am studying English with my teacher.
Ya, aku sedang belajar bahasa Inggris
bersama guruku.
4. .A: Is your mother cooking?
Apakah ibumu sedang memasak?
B: Yes, she is cooking dinner in the kitchen.
Ya, dia sedang memasak makan malam di
dapur.
5 .A : Are you watching TV?
Apakah kamu sedang menonton TV
B: No, I’m listening to music.
Tidak, aku sedang mendengarkan musik.
6. A : What is your brother doing?
Apa yang sedang dilakukan saudaramu laki-
laki?
B : He is playing football with his friends.
Dia sedang bermain sepak bola dengan
teman-temannya.
7.A : Are they coming now?
Apakah mereka sedang datang sekarang?
B : Yes, they are coming soon.
Ya, mereka sedang dalam perjalanan datang
8. A : Where are you sitting?
Kamu sedang duduk di mana?
B : I’m sitting in the living room.
Aku sedang duduk di ruang tamu.
.9..A : Who is calling you?
Siapa yang sedang menelponmu?
B : My friend is calling me.
Temanku sedang menelpon aku.
10. A : Are you feeling okay?
Apa kamu sedang merasa baik-baik saja?
B : Yes, I’m feeling fine.
Ya, aku merasa baik-baik saja.
11.A : Is it raining outside?
Apakah sedang hujan di luar?
B : Yes, it’s raining heavily.
Ya, sedang hujan deras.
12.A : What are you wearing today?
Apa yang sedang kamu kenakan hari ini?)
B : I’m wearing a blue shirt.
Aku sedang memakai kemeja biru.
13.A : Are you waiting for someone?
Apakah kamu sedang menunggu sese
orang?
B : Yes, I’m waiting for my sister.
Ya, aku sedang menunggu saudariku.
14.A : Is your father working now?
Apakah ayahmu sedang bekerja sekarang?
B : Yes, he is working in his office.
Ya, dia sedang bekerja di kantornya
15.A : Are you eating now?
Apakah kamu sedang makan sekarang?
B : No, I’m drinking water.
Tidak, aku sedang minum air.
16.A: What are the children doing?
Apa yang sedang dilakukan anak-anak?
A: They are playing in the garden.
(Mereka sedang bermain di kebun.)
17.A : Are you chatting with your friend?(
Apakah kamu sedang mengobrol dengan
temanmu?)
B Yes, I’m chatting on WhatsApp.
Ya, aku sedang mengobrol di WhatsApp.)
18. A: Is your sister sleeping?(
Apakah saudari perempuanmu sedang tidur?)
B: No, she isn’t. She is reading a novel.
Tidak, dia sedang membaca novel.)
19.A : Are you cleaning your room?A
pakah kamu sedang membersihkan
kamarmu?)
B : Yes, I’m cleaning it right now.
Ya, aku sedang membersihkannya sekarang.)
20.A : What are you thinking about?
Apa yang sedang kamu pikirkan?
B : I’m thinking about my future.(
Aku sedang memikirkan masa depanku.)
A. Grammar.
Perfect Tense.
Present perfect tense is used to express actions that are already done/ completed when we are speaking about them.
A. in affirmative statement.
Dalam kalimat positip
( Subject+ Have/has + Verb 3 form+ Adverb.)
They have visited that museum many times
Mereka sudah mengunjungi musium brrkali2
We have eaten at that restaurant many times.
Kami sudah makan di restaurant itu berkali kali
I have just read that book.
Saya baru saja sudah baca buku itu.
We have stayed here since sunday.
Kami sudah tinggal disini sejak hari minggu.
He has done this test.
Dia sudah mengerjakan test ini.
She has given me much money.
Dia sudah memberi saya banyak uang.
She has worked in the bank for five years.
Dia sudah bekerja di bank selama 5 tahun.
B. Negative statement.
Dalam kalimat negatip
( subject + have/ has+ not + verb 3 + adverb)
I have not lived in Bogor since 1967
Saya tidak tinggal d Bogor sejak tahun 1967.
I haven’t spoken to him about it.
Saya belum berbicara dengan dia mengenai itu.
We haven’t finished all our homework.
Kami sudah menyelesaikan pekerjaan rumah kami.
He hasn’t returned my book.
Dia belum mengembalikan buku
You haven’t gone to bali
Kami belum pergi ke Bali.
They haven’t studied English for six years
Mereka tidak belajar bhs inggris selama 6 tahun
C. Interrogative statement.
Dalam kalimat bertanya
( have/ has + subject + verb 3 + adverb)
Have you seen my hairbrush?
Apa kamu sudah lihat
have you known this same exercise before ?
Apa kamusudah tahu latihan ini sebelumya ?
have you told john what you said ?
Apa kamu sudah menceritkan john apa yg kamu katakan?
Have they heard that story ?
Apa mereka sudah dengar cerita itu?
Has he lent money to them ?
Apa dia sudah meminjamkan uang sam amereka?
Has tony made that same mistake several times ?
Apa toni sudah membuat kesalahan sama beberap akli ?
Note :
I have seen that film before ( verbal sentence )
I have been sick for two days [ nominal sentence )
D. Exercise 1.
Example :
We ........ ( finish ) school since last year.
We have finished school since last year
1 . Mr. Alwi………..( go ) to west Bogor to work.
2. I …………..( visit ) Cianten many times.
3. we ………….(be) in bogor recently
4. They ………( have) little experience in teaching
5. He ……….( try ) that restaurant again and again
6. The boy ……….( clean) the blackboard
7. She …………( wash ) the glass you can have a
drink now
8. it ………….( happen ) already , you can’t help it
9. so far , he …….( work ) hard.
10. he …………( punish ) his son several times.
E. Exercise 2.
1. My brother ___ round the park many times
but they've never seen the lamp.
a. has walked
b. have walked c. has walking
d. are walking
2. Anita ___ some application letters to the
company but they never call her.
a. has send
b. has sent
c. have sent
d. have send
3. The police __ us many times about the area
since somebody fell from the cliff.
a. has told
b. has tell
c. have telling
d. are told
4. We ___ never eaten Indonesian food.
a. Have
b. Has
c. Halaving
d. Are
5. Farah has ___ her hat.
a. Forget
b. Forgetting
c. Forgotten
d. Forgeted
6. Rendy ___ some application letters to the
company but they never call her.
a. Has send
b. Has sent
c. Have sent
d. Have send
7.. Rolly has been a vegetarian ___ five years.
a. Since
b. For
c. After.
d. Before
8. Tika ___ not been to France.
a. Has
b. Is
c. Have
d. Had
9. ___ you been to China?
a. Is
b. Have
c. Has
d. Were
10. ___ he finished your homework?
a. Have
b. Has
c. Is
d. Were
11. They _ gone to a rock concert.
a. has
b. 'Hasing
c. HaVe
d. Is
12. The students ___ (finish) the exam.
a. have finished
b. are finishing
c. finished
d. finish
13. I___ (not/meet) him before.
a. haven't met
b. didn't meet
c. don't meet
d. am meeting
14. The children ___ (go) to bed.
a. have gone
b. go
c. went
d. are going
15. My friend ___ (call) me three times today.
a. has called
b. is calling
c. called
d. calls
16. He ___ (clean) his room this morning.
a. has cleaned
b. cleans
c. is cleaning
d. cleaned
17. The train ___ (leave) the station.
a. is leaving
b. left
c. has left
d. leaves
18. . __ you ___ (ever/be) to Japan?
a. Have/been
b. Did/been
c. Has/been
d. Were/being
I9. ___ (work) here for five years
a. have worked
b. am working
c. was working
d. had worked
20. We ___ (not/see) each other for a long time.
a. don't see
b. haven't seen
c. didn't see
d. are seeing
21..The teacher ___ (just/give) us homework.
a. has just given
b. gives
c. is giving
d. gave
22. 1. ___ (finish) the project.
a. have finished
b. finished
c. am finishing
d. will finish
23. She ___ (lose) her keys.
a. has lost
b. lost
c. is losing
d. will lose
24. They ___ (go) to the park many times.
a. went
b. have gone
c. are going
d. go
25 . He ___ (eat) breakfast already.
a. has eaten
b. is eating
c. ate
d. eats
F. Change these sentence according to the. Mark.
1. She has lived here since 2015.
( -) ....................................................
( +) .....................................................
2. They have already seen that movie twice.
( - ) ....................................................
( +) .....................................................
3. I have never visited Paris before.
( -) ....................................................
( +) .....................................................
4. He has just finished his homework.
( -) ....................................................
( +) .....................................................
5. We have done our homework
( -) ....................................................
( +) .....................................................
E. Exercise 2
Answer these questions.
1 How long have you studied English ?
..........................................................
2. have you had breakfast this morning ?
...................................................
3 .what have you done this morning?
........................................................
4. Have you met Mr. Budi?
...............................................
5. Have you already visited botanical garden ?
...............................................................
F. Bonus Dialogue.
Talking abiut Job
Budi :
Have you started your new job?
apakah kamu sudah memulai pekerjaa barumu?
Alwi :
Have been working there for two weeks now. saya sudah bekerja di sana selama dua minggu
.
Budi :
How do you like it?
Apa kamu suka ?
Alwi :
It’s not bad. I like the people I work with and the company is doing well.
Ya, lumayan. Saya menyukai orang-orang yang bekerja dengan saya dan perusahaan berjalan dengan baik.
Budi :
That’s great. I’m sure you will be promoted soon.
Itu bagus. Saya yakin kamu akan segera dipromosikan.
Alwi :
I hope so. I’m already thinking about asking for a raise.
Saya harap begitu. Saya sudah berpikir untuk meminta kenaikan gaji.
Budi :
You should definitely ask for it. You deserve it. Kamu harus meminta kenaikan gaji. Kamu layak mendapatkannya.
Alwi :
Thanks for the encouragement. I’ll ask for it after I make a huge progress.
Terima kasih atas dorongannya. Saya akan memintanya setelah saya membuat kemajuan besar.
Budi :
Let me know how it goes. I’m sure you’ll get it. (Beri tahu saya bagaimana kelanjutannya. Saya yakin anda akan mendapatkannya.
Alwi :I will. Thanks.
Siap. Terima kasih.)
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