Cause and effect

                   Cause and Effect


A. What is cause and effrct ? 

Cause and Effect is a concept that explains the relationship between two events or situations, where one event (cause) leads to another event (effect).

adalah konsep yang menjelaskan hubungan antara dua peristiwa atau situasi, di mana satu peristiwa (cause) menyebabkan peristiwa lain (effect).


Cause  Cause*: An event or situation that leads to something happeningu

Penyebab (Penyebab) adalah peristiwa atau situasi yang menyebabkan sesuatu terjadi.

Effect  The result or consequence of an event or situation that occurs

Effect  (Akibat) adalah hasil atau konsekuensi dari peristiwa atau situasi yang terjadi.


B. Dialogue. 
     Cause and Effect 

Rina:  
I feel dizzy today.
Aku merasa pusing hari ini.

Doni
Maybe because you didn’t get enough sleep last night.
Mungkin karena kamu kurang tidur semalam.

Rina
Yes, that’s right. I only slept for three hours because I studied for the exam.
Ya, benar. Aku tidur hanya tiga jam karena belajar untuk ujian.

Doni
That’s why you feel dizzy now.
Itulah sebabnya kamu jadi pusing sekarang.

B. Example  Cause and Effect

1. I didn't study hard so I failed the exam
    Saya tidak belajar dengan giat sehingga saya
    tidak lulus ujian

2. The weather was bad so the flight was
    delayed 
     Cuaca buruk sehingga penerbangan tertunda

3. She ate too much sugar so she got
     stomachache 
     Dia makan gula terlalu banyaksehingga dia
     mengalami sakit perut

4..Because I was tired i went to bed early 
     Karena saya lelah saya tidur lebih awa

5.  I didn't sleep well as a result, I'm tired today 
     Saya tidak tidur nyenyak sehingga saya lelah
     hari ini

6.  I'm busy therefore I won't be able to attend
     the party
    Saya sibuk), oleh karena itu saya tidak bisa
     menghadiri pesta

7. Because I didn't study hard, I failed the
    exam.
    Karena saya tidak belajar keras, saya gagal
     uijian. 

8.  The traffic was heavy, so I was late for work.
      Karena lalu lintas padat, saya terlambat ke
      kantor.

9. She ate too much sugar, so she got a
    stomachache.
    Karena dia makan gula terlalu banyak, dia
     mengalami sakit perut.

10.Because of the rain, the park was empty.
        Karena hujan, taman itu kosong.

11. I'm busy, therefore I won't be able to attend
      the party.
      Saya sibuk, oleh karena itu saya tidak bisa
       menghadiri pesta.

C. Dialogue

Alwi : Why are you late?
           Mengapa kamu terlambat? 

Budi : Because of the traffic jam.
            Karena macet. 
Alwi  I see. So, what happened?
          Oh gitu, jadi apa yang terjadi. 
    
Budi : The road was closed due to an accident.
            

Alwi : That's terrible. As a result, you're late.

Budi : Yes, exactly.
            Ya, tepat


D Exercise

1. Why did the glass break?

*Jawaban*: Because it fell on the floor.


2. What happened to the crops?

*Jawaban*: They died because of the drought.


3.  Why was the traffic jam?

*Jawaban*: Because there was an accident on the road.


4. What was the result of the company's financial crisis?

*Jawaban*: The company had to lay off many employees.


5. Why did she get a headache?

*Jawaban*: Because she didn't sleep well last night.


6. What happened to the city after the hurricane?

*Jawaban*: Many buildings were destroyed and people lost their homes.


7. Why did he fail the exam?

*Jawaban*: Because he didn't study hard enough.


8. What was the effect of the pollution on the environment?

*Jawaban*: Many animals lost their habitats and some species became extinct.


9. Why did the team win the game?

*Jawaban*: Because they practiced hard and had a good strategy.


10. What happened to the economy after the pandemic?

*Jawaban*: Many businesses closed and people lost their jobs.


11. Why did she feel sad?

*Jawaban*: Because she lost her favorite pet.


12. What was the result of the construction project?

*Jawaban*: A new highway was built and traffic congestion was reduced.


13. Why did he get a parking ticket?

*Jawaban*: Because he parked in a no-parking zone.


14. What happened to the river after the factory dumped chemicals into it?

*Jawaban*: The river became polluted and many fish died.


15. Why did the company go bankrupt?

*Jawaban*: Because they had too much debt and couldn't pay their creditors.





F..Grmmar


1. Konjungsi Penyebab (Causal Conjunctions)

- Because (karena)

- Since (karena)

- As (karena)

- Due to (karena)


Contoh: "I was late because of the traffic jam."


2. Konjungsi Akibat (Effect Conjunctions)

- So (sehingga)

- Therefore (oleh karena itu)

- Thus (sehingga)

- Consequently (akibatnya)


Contoh: "I didn't study hard, so I failed the exam."


3. Kalimat Kondisional (Conditional Sentences)

- If-then (jika-maka)

- Unless (kecuali jika)


Contoh: "If I don't study hard, I will fail the exam."


4. Kalimat Pasif (Passive Voice)

- Digunakan untuk menekankan akibat atau hasil dari suatu peristiwa


Contoh: "The city was destroyed by the hurricane."


5. Kata Benda Abstrak (Abstract Nouns)

- Digunakan untuk menggambarkan konsep atau ide abstrak


Contoh: "The effect of climate change is devastating."


6. Kata Kerja Kausal (Causal Verbs)

- Cause (menyebabkan)

- Lead to (mengakibatkan)

- Result in (menghasilkan)


Contoh: "The pollution caused the death of many fish."







Percakapan 2: Cause and Effect tentang Lingkungan

Teacher: Mengapa banjir sering terjadi di kota ini?
Teacher: Why does flooding often happen in this city?

Student: Karena banyak orang membuang sampah sembarangan ke sungai.
Student: Because many people throw garbage carelessly into the river.

Teacher: Benar. Akibatnya sungai menjadi tersumbat dan air meluap.
Teacher: That’s correct. As a result, the river gets clogged and the water overflows.

Student: Jadi penyebab banjir adalah perilaku manusia sendiri.
Student: So the cause of the flood is human behavior itself.


.


Ungkapan Cause (Penyebab)

  • Because = karena
  • Because of = karena (diikuti noun / kata benda)
  • Due to = disebabkan oleh
  • Since = karena / sebab
  • As = karena
  • Owing to = akibat dari

Contoh kalimat:

  • I stayed at home because it was raining.
    (Saya tetap di rumah karena sedang hujan.)

  • The match was canceled due to heavy rain.
    (Pertandingan dibatalkan karena hujan deras.)



  • Ungkapan Effect (Akibat)

  • So = jadi / maka
  • Therefore = oleh karena itu
  • As a result = akibatnya
  • Thus = dengan demikian
  • That’s why = itulah sebabnya
  • Consequently = akibatnya

Contoh kalimat:

  • It was raining, so I stayed at home.
    (Sedang hujan, jadi saya tetap di rumah.)

  • He studied hard, as a result he passed the exam.
    (Dia belajar keras, akibatnya dia lulus ujian.)





Multiple Choice – Cause and Effect

1. She was late ___ the traffic jam.
(She terlambat ___ kemacetan.)
A. because
B. because of
C. so
D. therefore
E. as a result

2. It was raining, ___ we canceled the picnic.
(Hujan turun, ___ kami membatalkan piknik.)
A. because
B. since
C. so
D. due to
E. because of

3. The exam was difficult, ___ many students failed.
(Ujian sulit, ___ banyak siswa gagal.)
A. because
B. due to
C. as a result
D. since
E. because of

4. ___ his illness, he couldn’t attend the class.
(___ sakitnya, dia tidak bisa hadir di kelas.)
A. Because
B. So
C. Because of
D. Therefore
E. As

5. He didn’t bring an umbrella, ___ he got wet.
(Dia tidak membawa payung, ___ dia basah kuyup.)
A. because
B. since
C. as
D. so
E. due to

6. The flight was canceled ___ bad weather.
(Penerbangan dibatalkan ___ cuaca buruk.)
A. because
B. because of
C. so
D. as a result
E. since

7. I was very tired, ___ I went to bed early.
(Saya sangat lelah, ___ saya tidur lebih awal.)
A. because
B. due to
C. as
D. so
E. since

8. The teacher was angry ___ the students were noisy.
(Guru marah ___ murid-murid berisik.)
A. because
B. so
C. as a result
D. therefore
E. due to

9. There was heavy rain, ___ the streets were flooded.
(Ada hujan deras, ___ jalanan tergenang.)
A. because
B. due to
C. since
D. so
E. because of

10. The children were happy ___ they got new toys.
(Anak-anak senang ___ mereka mendapat mainan baru.)
A. because
B. so
C. therefore
D. as a result
E. due to

11. ___ his laziness, he failed the test.
(___ kemalasannya, dia gagal ujian.)
A. Because
B. Since
C. So
D. Because of
E. Therefore

12. She studied hard, ___ she passed the exam.
(Dia belajar keras, ___ dia lulus ujian.)
A. because
B. due to
C. since
D. so
E. because of

13. The school was closed ___ the earthquake.
(Sekolah ditutup ___ gempa bumi.)
A. so
B. because of
C. therefore
D. as a result
E. since

14. He didn’t eat breakfast, ___ he felt hungry.
(Dia tidak sarapan, ___ dia merasa lapar.)
A. because
B. since
C. due to
D. so
E. because of

15. She was sick, ___ she couldn’t join the competition.
(Dia sakit, ___ dia tidak bisa ikut kompetisi.)
A. because
B. because of
C. so
D. due to
E. as

Kwy : c




Kunci Jawaban

  1. B. because of
  2. C. so
  3. C. as a result
  4. C. Because of
  5. D. so
  6. B. because of
  7. D. so
  8. A. because
  9. D. so
  10. A. because
  11. D. Because of
  12. D. so
  13. B. because of
  14. D. so
  15. C. so

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